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prada shoes 2011 of $8.78 billion.Louis Vuitton expanded internationally in 1978 when it opened stores in Tokyo and Osaka to sell its LV logo trunks, suitcases and handbags. By the late 1970s, its sole factory in Asnieres, near Paris, where the Vuitton family began making trunks in 1860, wasn't big enough to sustain the growth."When the first electrical sewing machines arrived 30 years ago, people saw it as the devil," says Mr. Vuitton, who abandoned his veterinary studies to work at Asnieres in 1973.The company started buying up factories, or ateliers, across France. Over the years, on average, it opened a new one every two years. Today, there are 13 factories producing accessories. and Asia, annual sales rose to about $3.2 billion in 2000 from about $760 million in 1990.In 1998, the fashion house moved into the ready to wear apparel business by hiring Mr. Jacobs, an American designer. Mr. Jacobs's production of a new Louis Vuitton clothing line each season prompted the company to reconsider its approach to accessories. In addition to classic designs such as the LV logo shoulder bag, Vuitton began producing bags like the graffiti bag and the cherry print bag, which were in stores one season and gone the next.The Sept. 11 attacks, the SARS virus in Asia and the onset of war in Iraq together cast a three year pall over the luxury goods industry, in part by crimping global tourism. When the recovery began, Louis Vuitton launched an advertising campaign featuring celebrities such as Jennifer Lopez and Uma Thurman and opened stores on Manhattan's Fifth Avenue and elsewhere.Vuitton was releasing a new handbag each season. But the factories, which were working on long term schedules, remained out of step. If a seasonal bag became a hit, the company wasn't capable of ramping up production. When a denim monogram bag caught on last year, for example, customers cleaned out store shelves, and would be buyers were turned away.Vuitton executives grew intrigued with the lean production process developed by Japanese car makers, which enabled their factories to react quickly to changes in vehicle orders. The Japanese approach seemed to offer a way for Vuitton to shift production to the handbags